Clinimetrics of freezing of gait
Identifieur interne : 000285 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000284; suivant : 000286Clinimetrics of freezing of gait
Auteurs : Anke H. Snijders ; Maarten J. Nijkrake ; Maaike Bakker ; Marten Munneke ; Carina Wind ; Bastiaan R. BloemSource :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2008.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/mds.22144
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title><author><name sortKey="Snijders, Anke H" sort="Snijders, Anke H" uniqKey="Snijders A" first="Anke H." last="Snijders">Anke H. Snijders</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nijkrake, Maarten J" sort="Nijkrake, Maarten J" uniqKey="Nijkrake M" first="Maarten J." last="Nijkrake">Maarten J. Nijkrake</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Maaike" sort="Bakker, Maaike" uniqKey="Bakker M" first="Maaike" last="Bakker">Maaike Bakker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munneke, Marten" sort="Munneke, Marten" uniqKey="Munneke M" first="Marten" last="Munneke">Marten Munneke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wind, Carina" sort="Wind, Carina" uniqKey="Wind C" first="Carina" last="Wind">Carina Wind</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloem, Bastiaan R" sort="Bloem, Bastiaan R" uniqKey="Bloem B" first="Bastiaan R." last="Bloem">Bastiaan R. Bloem</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622</idno><date when="2008" year="2008">2008</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.22144</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000285</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title><author><name sortKey="Snijders, Anke H" sort="Snijders, Anke H" uniqKey="Snijders A" first="Anke H." last="Snijders">Anke H. Snijders</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nijkrake, Maarten J" sort="Nijkrake, Maarten J" uniqKey="Nijkrake M" first="Maarten J." last="Nijkrake">Maarten J. Nijkrake</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Maaike" sort="Bakker, Maaike" uniqKey="Bakker M" first="Maaike" last="Bakker">Maaike Bakker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Munneke, Marten" sort="Munneke, Marten" uniqKey="Munneke M" first="Marten" last="Munneke">Marten Munneke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wind, Carina" sort="Wind, Carina" uniqKey="Wind C" first="Carina" last="Wind">Carina Wind</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloem, Bastiaan R" sort="Bloem, Bastiaan R" uniqKey="Bloem B" first="Bastiaan R." last="Bloem">Bastiaan R. Bloem</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008">2008</date><biblScope unit="volume">23</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">S2</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">S2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="S468">S468</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="S474">S474</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22144</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS22144</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson's disease</term><term>clinimetry</term><term>freezing of gait</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Anke H. Snijders MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maarten J. Nijkrake MSc</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maaike Bakker MSc</name><affiliations><json:string>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marten Munneke PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carina Wind BHSc</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Bastiaan R. Bloem MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>freezing of gait</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>clinimetry</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson's disease</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MDS22144</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.417</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 810 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>3</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1710</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4417</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>27919</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>251</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title><genre><json:string>review-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>23</volume><publisherId><json:string>MDS</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>7</total><last>S474</last><first>S468</first></pages><issn><json:string>0885-3185</json:string></issn><issue>S2</issue><author><json:item><name>Dr. Giladi</name></json:item><json:item><name>Dr. Nieuwboer</name></json:item></author><subject><json:item><value>Review</value></json:item></subject><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1531-8257</json:string></eissn><title>Movement Disorders</title><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2008</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2008</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/mds.22144</json:string></doi><id>ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2008</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*No potential conflicts of interest.</note><note>NWO VIDI - No. #91776352;</note><note>Prinses Beatrix Fonds</note><note>Stichting Internationaal Parkinson Fonds</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Anke H.</forename><surname>Snijders</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Maarten J.</forename><surname>Nijkrake</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MSc</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Maaike</forename><surname>Bakker</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MSc</roleName><affiliation>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Marten</forename><surname>Munneke</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Carina</forename><surname>Wind</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">BHSc</roleName><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Bastiaan R.</forename><surname>Bloem</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><note type="correspondence"><p>Correspondence: Parkinson Center Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, 935, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</p></note><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="pISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008"></date><biblScope unit="volume">23</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">S2</biblScope><biblScope unit="supplement">S2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="S468">S468</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="S474">S474</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22144</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS22144</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2008</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>freezing of gait</term></item><item><term>clinimetry</term></item><item><term>Parkinson's disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article category</head><item><term>Review</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-09-20">Received</change><change when="2008-04-27">Registration</change><change when="2008">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</doi><issn type="print">0885-3185</issn><issn type="electronic">1531-8257</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MDS"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="MOVEMENT DISORDERS">Movement Disorders</title><title type="subtitle">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title type="short">Mov. Disord.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="105"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.v23:2+</doi><titleGroup><title type="supplementTitle">Freezing of Gait in Parkinsonism</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="23">23</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">S2</numbering><numbering type="supplement" number="S2">S2</numbering></numberingGroup><creators><creator xml:id="sped1" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><honorifics>Dr.</honorifics><givenNames>Nir</givenNames><familyName>Giladi</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="sped2" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><honorifics>Dr.</honorifics><givenNames>Alice</givenNames><familyName>Nieuwboer</familyName></personName></creator></creators><coverDate startDate="2008">2008</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="reviewArticle" position="80" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/mds.22144</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MDS22144"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Review</title><title type="tocHeading1">Reviews</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2007-09-20"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2008-04-08"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2008-04-27"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-07-30"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-07-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-02"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">S468</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">S474</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Parkinson Center Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, 935, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MDS.MDS22144.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="37"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="5026"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of freezing of gait<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Clinimetrics of Freezing of Gait</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Anke H.</givenNames><familyName>Snijders</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Maarten J.</givenNames><familyName>Nijkrake</familyName><degrees>MSc</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Maaike</givenNames><familyName>Bakker</familyName><degrees>MSc</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Marten</givenNames><familyName>Munneke</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Carina</givenNames><familyName>Wind</familyName><degrees>BHSc</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Bastiaan R.</givenNames><familyName>Bloem</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email>b.bloem@neuro.umcn.nl</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="NL" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">freezing of gait</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">clinimetry</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">Parkinson's disease</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>NWO VIDI</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>#91776352</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Prinses Beatrix Fonds</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Stichting Internationaal Parkinson Fonds</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>No potential conflicts of interest.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Clinimetrics of Freezing of Gait</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Clinimetrics of freezing of gait</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anke H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Snijders</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maarten J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nijkrake</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maaike</namePart><namePart type="family">Bakker</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc</namePart><affiliation>FC Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marten</namePart><namePart type="family">Munneke</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carina</namePart><namePart type="family">Wind</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">BHSc</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bastiaan R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bloem</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology and Parkinson Center Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</affiliation><description>Correspondence: Parkinson Center Nijmegen (ParC), Department of Neurology, 935, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2007-09-20</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2008-04-27</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">37</extent><extent unit="words">5026</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The clinical assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) provides great challenges. Patients often do not realize what FOG really is. Assessing FOG is further complicated by the episodic, unpredictable, and variable presentation, as well as the complex relationship with medication. Here, we provide some practical recommendations for a standardized clinical approach. During history taking, presence of FOG is best ascertained by asking about the characteristic feeling of “being glued to the floor.” Detection of FOG is greatly facilitated by demonstrating what FOG actually looks like, not only to the patient but also to the spouse or other carer. History taking further focuses on the specific circumstances that provoke FOG and on its severity, preferably using standardized questionnaires. Physical examination should be done both during the ON and OFF state, to judge the influence of treatment. Evaluation includes a dedicated “gait trajectory” that features specific triggers to elicit FOG (gait initiation; a narrow passage; dual tasking; and rapid 360° axial turns in both directions). Evaluating the response to external cues has diagnostic importance, and helps to determine possible therapeutic interventions. Because of the tight interplay between FOG and mental functions, the evaluation must include cognitive testing (mainly frontal executive functions) and judgment of mood. Neuroimaging is required for most patients in order to detect underlying pathology, in particular lesions of the frontal lobe or their connections to the basal ganglia. Various quantitative gait assessments have been proposed, but these methods have not proven value for clinical practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</abstract><note type="content">*No potential conflicts of interest.</note><note type="funding">NWO VIDI - No. #91776352; </note><note type="funding">Prinses Beatrix Fonds</note><note type="funding">Stichting Internationaal Parkinson Fonds</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>freezing of gait</topic><topic>clinimetry</topic><topic>Parkinson's disease</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Movement Disorders</title><subTitle>Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Mov. Disord.</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><namePart type="family">Giladi</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nieuwboer</namePart></name><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article category</genre><topic>Review</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0885-3185</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8257</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MDS</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>S2</number></detail><detail type="supplement"><caption>Suppl. no.</caption><number>S2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>S468</start><end>S474</end><total>7</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/mds.22144</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MDS22144</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2008 Movement Disorder Society</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/ParkinsonV1/Data/Main/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000285 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000285 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= ParkinsonV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:ECD8C3E9EBEA64B452313DAB8A118466546FE622
|texte= Clinimetrics of freezing of gait
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. |  |